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Protecting poultry from Gumboro (IBD)
Gumboro disease, also known as Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), is a highly contagious viral infection in chickens. It attacks their immune system, making them vulnerable to other infections.
Good prevention and control practices can help you reduce the risk and keep your flock in good condition.
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Cause of gumboro disease
Gumboro is caused by the Birna virus, which mainly targets the bursa of Fabricius—an essential organ for a young chicken’s immune system. The virus attacks immature B lymphocytes, weakening the bird’s defense against infections.
There are two types of the virus:
- Serotype 1 – Affects chickens and causes disease. There are many variations of this strain.
- Serotype 2 – Found in chickens, turkeys, and ducks but does not cause illness.
How does Gumboro spread?
- Direct contact: Healthy birds pick up the virus from infected ones.
- Feces: The virus spreads through droppings and contaminates the environment.
- Vectors: Farm staff, rodents, insects, and equipment can carry the virus to new areas.
- Airborne particles: Dust and dander can also help spread the infection.
IBDV is extremely tough. It can survive in barns for over 120 days, resisting disinfectants and extreme conditions.
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Symptoms of Clinical Gumboro disease
Subclinical Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is the most common and economically damaging form of the disease. It typically affects young chicks around two weeks of age, at a time when maternal antibodies are still present. It quietly weakens the chicks’ immune system, making them less responsive to vaccinations and more vulnerable to secondary infections. While subclinical IBD does not cause high mortality peaks, it results in significant long-term losses due to slower growth rates and an increased incidence of other diseases.
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- Ruffled feathers
- Watery, white, and slimy droppings
- Dehydration
- Exhaustion
- Mortality peaks on day four, then drops
Prevention & control of Gumburo disease
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Vaccination
A good vaccination program depends on infection pressure, virus type, bird breed and vaccine choice.If vaccinated too early, maternal antibodies will block the vaccine. If vaccinated too late, the immune system may already be weakened.:format(webp))
External Biosecurity
Disinfect vehicles, equipment, and loading areas. Limit visitors and enforce strict hygiene rules.:format(webp))
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